Shri Pranab Mukharjee

Shri Pranab Mukherjee

Father's Name: Late Shri Kamada Kinkar Mukherjee

Mother's Name: Late Smt. Rajlakshmi Mukherjee

Date of Birth: December 11, 1935

Died: 31 August 2020 (aged 84) New Delhi, India

Place of Birth: Mirati, Kirnahar, District: Birbhum, West Bengal

Marital Status: Married

Spouse's Name: Smt. Suvra Mukherjee

Children: Two sons and One daughter

Educational Qualifications: M.A. (History), M.A. (Political Science), LL.B., D. Litt. (Honoris Causa), Educated at Vidyasagar College

Permanent Address: Flat No. 2-A, First Floor, 60/2/7, Kavi Bharti Sarani, Lake Road, Kolkata-700 029 West Bengal, Tel.  (033) 24648366

Profession: Political and Social Worker, Teacher, Journalist, Writer

Family Background: Father was a freedom fighter, was imprisoned for more than 10 years, participated in all Congress movements from 1920, was a member of AICC, and West Bengal Legislative Council (1952-64), President, District Congress Committee, Birbhum (WB).

Positions Held:

• Elected to Rajya Sabha (July 1969)
• Union Deputy Minister, Industrial Development (Jan 1973-Jan 1974)
• Union Deputy Minister, Shipping and Transport (Jan 1974-Oct 1974)
• Union Minister of State, Finance (Oct 1974-Dec 1975)
• Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (2nd term) (July 1975)
• Union Minister, Revenue and Banking (Independent Charge) (Dec 1975-Mar 1977)
• Deputy Leader, Congress Party, Rajya Sabha (1978 -1980)
• Member, Congress Working Committee (INC) (27 Jan 1978-18 Jan 1986)
• Treasurer, All India Congress Committee; Treasurer, Congress (I) Party in Parliament (1978-1979)
• Member, Central Parliamentary Board, AICC (1978-1986)
• Union Minister, Commerce and Steel and Mines (Jan 1980-Jan 1982)
• Leader of the House, Rajya Sabha (1980-1985)
• Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (3rd term) (Aug 1981)
• Union Cabinet Minister, Finance with additional charge of Ministry of Commerce and Supply (Jan 1982-Dec 1984 and Sept-Dec 1984)
• Chairman, Campaign Committee of AICC for Conducting National Election to Parliament (1984-1991), (1996) and (1998)
• Chairman, Economic Advisory Cell, AICC (1987-1989)
• Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission (June 1991-May 1996)
• Union Cabinet Minister, Commerce (Jan 1993-Feb 1995)
• Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (4th term) (1993)
• Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs (Feb 1995-May 1996)
• Member, Business Advisory Committee, Rajya Sabha (1996-2003)
• Member, Committee on Privileges, Rajya Sabha; Member, Committee on Rules, Rajya Sabha (1996 -2004)
• Member, Consultative Committee for External Affairs (1996 -1999)
• Chairman, Departmentally related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment & Forest (1997)
• Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (5th term); Former Chairman, Central Election Coordination Committee, AICC (1999)
• General Secretary, AICC; Former Member, Congress Working Committee (INC) (1998-1999)
• Chairman, Departmentally related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs; Former President, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee; Former Member, Central Election Committee, AICC (June 1998-May 2004)
• Elected to 14th Lok Sabha (13 May 2004)
• Union Cabinet Minister, Defence (23 May 2004-24 Oct. 2006)
• Leader of the House, Lok Sabha (25 May 2004)
• Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs (25 Oct 2006-23 May 2009)
• Ministry of Finance (additional charge) (24 Jan 2009-23 May 2009)
• Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha (2nd term); Former Leader of the House, Lok Sabha (20 May 2009)
• Former Union Cabinet Minister, Finance (23 May 2009-26 Jun. 2012)

Books Published:

• Mid-term Poll, 1969;
• Beyond Survival: Emerging Dimensions of Indian Economy, 1984;
• Off the Track, 1987;
• Saga of Struggle and Sacrifice, 1992; and
• Challenges Before the Nation (On Indian National Congress), 1992.

Awards: Bharat Ratna (2019),  Padma Vibhushan (2008)

Countries Visited: Widely travelled

Ministers of Indian Government

Cabinet Ministers Of Indian Government

Narendra Damodar Das Modi --- Prime Minister of India

1	Shri Amit Shah	Home Affairs
2	Shri Subrahmanyam Jaishankar	External Affairs
3	Nirmala Sitharaman	Ministry of Finance
4	Shri Narendra Singh Tomar	Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
5	Shri D.V. Sadanand Gowda	Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
6	Shri D.V. Sadananda Gowda	Railways
7	Sushri Uma Bharati	Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
8	Dr. Najma A. Heptulla	Minority Affairs
9	Shri Ramvilas Paswan	Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
10	Shri Kalraj Mishra	Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
11	Smt. Maneka Sanjay Gandhi	Women and Child Development
12	Shri Ananthkumar	Chemicals and Fertilizers
13	Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad	Communications and Information Technology Law and Justice
14	Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati	Civil Aviation
15	Shri Anant Geete	Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
16	Smt. Harsimrat Kaur Badal	Food Processing Industries
17	Shri Narendra Singh Tomar	Mines Steel Labour and Employment
18	Shri Jual Oram	Tribal Affairs
19	Shri Radha Mohan Singh	Agriculture
20	Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot	Social Justice and Empowerment
21	Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani	Human Resource Development
22	Dr. Harsh Vardhan	Health and Family Welfare

Political Parties in India

National Parties in India

Party Name	Short Name	President	Symbol
All India Trinamool Congress	TMC	Mamata Banerjee	Jora Ghas Phul
Bhartiya Janta Party	BJP	Jagat Prakash Nadda (J P Nadda)	Lotus
Indian National Congress	INC	Sonia Gandhi	Hand
Communist Party of India (Marxist)	CPI(M)	Sitaram Yechury	Hammer, Sickle and Star
Communist Party of India	CPI	D. Raja	Ears of Corn and Sickle
Bahujan Samaj Party	BSP	Mayawati	Elephant
Nationalist Congress Party	NCP	Sharad Pawar	Clock

Presidents of India

1	Dr. Rajendra Prasad (26 January 1950-12 May 1962)
2	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (13 May 1962–12 May 1967)
3	Zakir Hussain (13 May 1967–3 May 1969)
	Varahagiri Venkata Giri (3 May 1969–20 July 1969)Acting
	Mohammad Hidayatullah (20 July 1969–24 August 1969)Acting
4	Varahagiri Venkata Giri (24 August 1969–24 August 1974)
5	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (24 August 1974–11 February 1977)
	Basappa Danappa Jatti (11 February 1977–24 July 1977) Acting
6	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (25 July 1977–24 July 1982)
7	Giani Jail Singh (25 July 1982–24 July 1987)
8	Ramaswamy Venkataraman (25 July 1987–24 July 1992)
9	Shankar Dayal Sharma (25 July 1992–24 July 1997)
10	Kocheril Raman Narayanan (25 July 1997–24 July 2002)
11	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (25 July 2002–24 July 2007)
12	Pratibha Patil (25 July 2007–24 July 2012)
13	Pranab Mukherjee (25 July 2012–24 July 2017)
14	Ramnath Kovind (25 July 2017–Incumbent)

India Flag Color

The Indian Flag's Color combined with three color, saffron, white and green and each color tells own meaning ,who represent the India. The meaning of the Indian flag color was described by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. According to Radhakrishan the flag is combination of renunciation of disinterestedness, truth and our relation to the soul. The Indian flag color represent the unity and democracy of th country, where people have right to take its own decision. Like the flag color here Hindi, Muslim, Sikh and Christian live together like brother. The complete story proof the following songs.
"Hindu Muslim Sikh Isai Aapas main hain sab Bhai-Bhai"

India Flag Saffron Color

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Saffron colors tells about Indian saint ,who used in his cloths. This is favorite color of any saint and pundit. It means saffron color tells about Indian adhyatm. According to famous Hindi song "Keshariya bal bharane wala" the saffron color represent Indian power that is used in world peace not for war.


India Flag White Color

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White color is significance of truth "shwet rang hai sachchai" that tells Indian believe in truth. The whit color also represent centre is light and guide for right way.




India Flag Green Color

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The green color shows the Indian culture, agriculture, Indian people and complete geographical history of our country. The color also tells about our relation to soil and our relation to environment.



India Flag About Chakra

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In the middle of Indian flag you can see Chakra, which has twenty four spooks. The Chakra has teken from Ashok Astambh from sarnath. The meaning of Chakra is Unlimited motion which has no stop. It means Indian people crazy about goal.

Top Ten Adventures in India

India is a big country and several adventures in the country. People can enjoy and celebrate their vacations.India serves up a lifetime of adventure in and among its mountain peaks, beaches, rivers, and deserts In fact, just traveling through the country can be adventure enough. But places to push the envelope are never far away. Come experience India, GORP-style

* Ganga River
* Explore Rajasthan's Forts
* Taj Mahal
* Tea Garden in Darjeeling
* Goa Beach
* Khajuraho
* Ride the Palace on Wheels
* Track Tigers
* Ride Camels in the
* Thar Desert
* Camel Circus.

India 10 Top Luxury Hotels

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India is nice tourist place, several tourist attraction all over the country. The country have some marvelous luxury hotels where people can stay. There are number of 5 star hotels around country which have all the facility whatever required. Here are the the list of top 10luxury hotels of India.

* Amanresorts Amanbagh, Alwar
* Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur
* Taj Mahal Palace Tower, Mumbai
* Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur
* Oberoi Amarvilas, Agra
* Taj Lake Palace, Udaipur
* The Four Seasons, Mumba
* The Imperial, New Delhi
* The Imperial, New Delhi
* The Imperial, New Delhi
* The Imperial, New Delhi
* The Leela Palace Kempinski, Bangalore
* Devi Garh, Delwara Near Udaipur

Ashoka Stambha - The National symbol of India

The National Symbol of India is consequent from the Crown Ashoka. The Symbol is a facsimile of the Lion of Sarnath,. The Lion Capital was erected in the third century BC by Crown Ashoka to mark the spot where Mahatma Buddha first declared his moral of mitigation and immunity to the four quarters of the universe. The national Symbol is thus symbolic of coincident India’s reaffirmation of it’s forbear affirmation to world mitigation and cordiality.

‘Satyameva Jayate’ is the national motto of India.The motto ‘Satyameva Jayate’ drafted beneath the symbol in Hindi script, means ‘Truth alone Palms’.

Swami Vivekanand - Indian Hero

Swami Vivekananda was born on January 12, 1863 .His pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta,He was one of the very famous and influential spiritual leaders. He was also the philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga. He was the chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa , and Vivekananda was also founder of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. Vivekananda is like a major figure in the history of the Hindu reform movements.Near Calcutta On July 4, 1902 at Belur Math , Vivekananda taught Vedanta philosophy to some pupils in the morning. With Swami Premananda Vivekananda had a walk , a brother-disciple, and gave him instructions concerning the future of the Ramakrishna Math.

Metropolitan Cities in India

The metropolitan cities of India is Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and New Delhi. There are some criteria to build a metropolitan cities in india. Bangalore and Hyderabad is the new metro city of India. The all cities are play a major role in the Indian economic. New Delhi is the capital of the India and going to host the 2010 commonwealth game and Hyderabad was the first hosting city of Afro-Asian game

The list of Metropolitan Cities in India

• Mumbai


• Chennai


• New Delhi


• Kolkata


• Hyderabad


• Bangalore

Other Big Cities of India

• Jaipur


• Kanpur


• Lucknow


• Varanasi


• Udaypur


• Dehradoon


• Nagpur


• Ahamadabad


• Surat


• Pune


• Patna


• Bhopal


• Indore


• Gwalior


• Varanasi


• Kochin

Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court of India is the described in the Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. According to the Indian Constitution the supreme court of India, is the guardian of the Constitution. The Supreme court is highest court and it is also highest level of appeal. In 28th January 1950 the Indian supreme Court came in existence.

According under Article 76 the Attorney General for India is appointed by the president of India. There are three types of advocates who van work in supreme court, are senior advocate, advocates on record and other who are member of any bar of India. Honorable Mr. Justice K.G. Balakrishnan is the chief justice of India appointed on 14th Jan.2007.

List of Chief Justice of India

• H. J. Kania


• M. P. Sastri


• M. C. Mahajan


• B. K. Mukherjea


• S. R. Das


• B. P. Sinha


• P. B. Gajendragadkar


• A. K. Sarkar


• K. Subba Rao


• K. N. Wanchoo


• M. Hidayatullah


• J. C. Shah


• S. M. Sikri


• A. N. Ray


• M. H. Beg


• Y. V. Chandrachud


• P. N. Bhagwati


• R. S. Pathak


• E. S. Venkataramiah


• S. Mukharji


• Ranganath Misra


• K. N. Singh


• M. H. Kania


• L. M. Sharma


• M. N. Venkatachaliah


• A. M. Ahmadi


• J. S. Verma


• M. M. Punchhi


• A. S. Anand


• S. P. Bharucha


• B. N. Kirpal


• G. B. Pattanaik


• V. N. Khare


• S. Rajendra Babu


• R.C. Lahoti


• Y.K. Sabharwal


• K. G. Balakrishnan


• S. H. Kapadia


• Altamas Kabir


• P. Sathasivam


• Rajendra Mal Lodha

Rivers in India

India is the country of river, where people worship the river. The most of rivers in India come from Himalaya. The Ganga is the holy river of India, people called "Mata" (mother). The India's river is the significance of country civilization and culture. Indians have worshipped rivers as a form of Mother Goddess from ancient times. Here the list of major river of India.

List of Rivers

• Beas


• Bhagirathi


• Brahmaputra


• Cauvery (Kaveri) .


• Chambal


• Ganga (Ganges) .


• Godavari


• Gomati


• Indus


• Jhelum


• Kali


• Krishna


• Mandovi


• Narmada


• Periyar


• Ravi


• Sharavati


• Sutlej


• Tapti


• Tungabhadra


• Yamuna

Indian Flag Manufacturing

Manufacturing Indian flag is set up by a committee. There is some code of conduct to manufactured and hosting the flag. It specifies the cloth, dye, color, thread count and each and every thing about the flag. The Indian flag can only be made up of 'Khadi'. It is made up of two types of khadi one for its main part and the other one for the cloth which holds flag to the staff. If any one break this manufacturing rule, they can considered to be a serious offence liable to a fine or a jail term or both. The committee is also setup the several size of Indian flag these are following.

S. No--------------------Size
1---------------------6300 × 4200
2---------------------3600 × 2400
3---------------------2700 × 1800
4---------------------1800 × 1200
5---------------------1350 × 900
6---------------------900 × 600
7---------------------450 × 300
8---------------------225 × 150
9---------------------150 × 100

India Flag in 1931

Pingali Venkayya had brought new flag, when the Sikh community had not accepted all previous flags and demanding new flag. This flag had also a three color saffron, white and green. The Saffron color was on the top, in the middle and the green on the button. The saffron color shoos the strength, The green color shows the Indian agriculture and the earth. The white color at the middle of this flag and significance of truth, and shows India is fighting against lies and bad thing. The country have right and true sprit.

India Flag in 1921

The father of nation want to bring whole country together and this was for required for a symbol . And in 1921 the mahatma Gandhi repersented a flag and the flag was designed by Mahatma Gandhi. This flag had three color white, green and red. The white color on the top of flag, green in the middle and the red color was on the bottom of the flag.The pattern of this flag was based on the flag of Ireland, another nation which was struggling to get its independence from the rule of Britain. Although Congress Committee did not adopt it as its official flag but it was widely used as a symbol of nationality in India 'freedom struggle.

Meaning of India Flag color

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White Color :The white color at the top of this flag and significance of truth, and shows India is fighting against lies and bad thing. The country have right and true sprit.

Green Color: The green color shows the Indian agriculture and the earth. The green color was on the middle of flag.

Red Color: Red color shows the sprit and struggle for freedom. The red color was on the bottom of the flag.

India Flag in 1916

In 1916, Dr. Annie Besant's and Lokamanya Tilak, had designed a new flag and this flag was hosted in Congress session in Calcutta The flag had for color red, green, white and blue. The all color in stripes manner. The stripes are red and green according to both Nair and Singh (five red, four green), while the Union Jack is in red and blue only. A crescent and a star, both in white, are set in top fly. The white color in the form of seven stars significance of Saptarishi.

India Flag in 1907

In 1906, the new flag was came and this flag was designed by Madam Bhikaji Cama, Veer Savarkar and Shyamji Krishna Varma. This flag was known by the name of Madam Bhikaji Rustom Cama's flag. This flag is almost similar to flag of 1906 with the exception of colors and the flower closest to hoist. In 22 August 1907. This flag was first Indian flag, when it was hosted in foreign country. The flag was to be hosted in Germany.

India Flag in 1906

Indian flag in 1906, came after Sister Nivedita's flag. This flag contains three color blue, yellow and red. The flag color's as strip on flag, and the blue strip had. eight stars of slightly different shapes, red strip color had two symbols. The first symbol was the Sun and the second was star. And the yellow color had Bade Matram. Now this is the national song of India. The Bande Matram was written in Devnagari script. This flag was shows the Indian unity and capacity of struggle for freedom.

Meaning of Flag Color

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• Blue Color : The blue color significance of equality and the rights of people.


• The meaning of red color tells the the struggle. In 1906 India was struggling for freedom against British and it shows the Indian struggle.


• Yellow Color :Yellow color shows the victory, and through this flag try to give message, that we Indian will must go for victory. And nothing is more than freedom.
  

In the same year another tricolor flag came, but in this flag the color was different . This flag color was orange, yellow and green. This tricolor flag was known by the name of culcutta flag. This flag was made by Sachindra Prasad Bose

Indian Flag in 1904

In 1904, when the first flag came with yellow and red color. This flag was made by Irish disciple of Swami Vivekananda. Her name was Sister Nivedita. This flag was also known by the name Sister Nivedita's flago. The color of flag tells some story and gives the message for people. The red color of flag shows the struggle for freedom and yellow color shows for the victory. This flag contain figure of Vajra', weapon of god 'Indra', and a white lotus in the middle. The flag picture shows strength and depicts purity.

This flag had given a boost to the Indian freedom fighter In Kolkata .several freedom fighter fights under this flag.

Symbolism Of India Flag

Symbolism of Indian flag represent the whole country, whole people and whole communities. Indian flag is acceptable by all the communities. The Indian flag has three color Saffron, white and green. he flag has also a Chakra which has 24 spokes. The first vice president f India late Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan defined India flag as follows.

Bhagwa or the saffron color denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma. Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful.

India flag is symbol of piece, struggle, strength, unity, culture and progress. First Prime Minster of India said the national flag is not a symbol of country freedom only but it is symbol of freedom for all country.